What is Mystery Babylon?
(Rev. 14:8; 16:19; 17; 18:1-19:3)
Popular views
Before discussing what I think Babylon is, let’s start by considering popular teaching on the issue. I have heard at least six interpretations. First, some believe the Babylon of Revelation is the ancient city Babylon, the ruins of which can still be found in Iraq. The biggest arguments in favor of this view are: some prophecies regarding the city of Babylon are unfulfilled (Jer. 51:26) and the descriptions of Babylon given in Jeremiah 50-51 and Revelation 17-18 are similar. To this I would point out that Babylon was destroyed long ago. The prophecy says that it will never be rebuilt (Jer. 50:39-40) and so far it hasn’t been. (A second rate tourist attraction has been built at the site, but ancient Babylon is for the most part still desert waste.) The book of Revelation talks about Babylon as a prominent world power so it must not be the ancient Babylon because if ancient Babylon regains world prominence, Jeremiah 50:39-40 would be a false prophecy.

Second, some believe the Babylon of Revelation is a false religion. The problem with this view is that Babylon is clearly identified as a city in the interpretation portion of the vision (Rev. 17:18).

Third, some believe the Babylon of Revelation is Rome as the seat of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. The harlot called Babylon in Revelation seventeen is described as sitting on a beast with seven heads which represent seven mountains. Some take this to represent Rome, the city built on seven hills. Other aspects of the prophecy such as being dressed in purple and scarlet and guilty of the blood of the saints fit the Catholic Church. However, the ten kings destroy the harlot in order to give their power to the Anti-Christ. This implies that the harlot resists the world government, something that is out of character for the Catholic Church. Also, we must choose between Rome as the harlot and Rome as the False Prophet. The False Prophet helps to bring the Anti-Christ to power (Rev. 13:12; 19:20) whereas, the harlot is destroyed because she resists the Anti-Christ’s rise to power (Rev. 17:16-17). This strongly implies that the harlot, Babylon, and the False Prophet are not the same entity. We are forced to choose between the Catholic Church as the harlot (Babylon) or the False Prophet. The pro-world government and ecumenical stance of the modern Catholic church seem to fit best with the description of the False Prophet.

A fourth view which I have only seen on one website is that Mystery Babylon is Jerusalem. This is clearly not the case since Jerusalem has not made the world rich through her luxurious living (Rev. 18:3, 11-15). Some Jews are among the richest men in the world, but even though they are rich, they have not made the world rich through their luxurious living.

A fifth view I have heard is that Mystery Babylon is Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia fails the test on the same grounds as Jerusalem. Saudi Arabia may be rich, but it certainly has not made the world rich through its lavish spending (Rev. 18:3, 11-15).
My View
If Babylon in Revelation seventeen and eighteen is not the ancient city of Babylon, or false religion or Rome, who is it? Although the descriptions in Revelation seventeen and eighteen have many parallels, they occur at different times. We know that the Babylon of chapter seventeen is destroyed around the time that the Anti-Christ comes to power (Rev. 17:16-17; 14:8f) and we know that a Babylon is destroyed by God at the end of Daniel’s 70th week (Rev. 16:19). So we must ask whether the Babylon of Revelation seventeen and the Babylon of Revelation eighteen are the same Babylon? Remember that the harlot is described as Mystery Babylon in chapter seventeen. In chapter eighteen the destruction of Babylon is described and then in 19:2 those in heaven rejoice that the harlot has been punished. This seems to indicate that the whole passage (17:1-19:2) is talking about the same harlot which is called Babylon, i.e. there is only one Babylon but it is destroyed twice.

The first key to identifying Babylon is to understand what the symbolic name means. Jerusalem was called Sodom and Egypt because of her sin (Rev. 11:8). Sodom in particular was infamous for it’s sin. What was Babylon famous for? In Daniel 2:24-45, Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s dream of a statue. In that dream, Babylon was represented by a head of gold. The other world kingdoms were all represented by metals of lesser value. This was no accident, Babylon was an extremely wealthy city (Jer. 51:13). The hanging gardens which were part of the city are one of the seven wonders of the world. The descriptions of the end times Babylon in Revelation seventeen and eighteen repeatedly mention her great wealth and luxurious living (17:4; 18:3, 7, 9, 11-19). This seems to confirm the idea that Babylon metaphorically refers to a place of great wealth and luxurious living.

What country and city today is most known for it’s wealth and luxurious living? Although Europe has great economic prowess, it is not known for it’s luxurious life style. Also if the anti-Christ is from Europe, you wouldn’t expect the anti-Christ to destroy his own kingdom. The U.N. has, at least in theory, helped to bring prosperity to the world, but not through its luxurious living. The place most known for its wealth and luxurious living is clearly the United States. I believe the harlot of Revelation seventeen, is the United States and more specifically New York City. New York City is a city just as Rev. 17:18 says and it is the center of U.S. economic power. It controls the rest of the world through its economic influence just as the harlot reigns over the rulers of the world in Rev. 17:18. The United States is hated by most of the world just as the harlot is hated by the ten kings in 17:16. Also we can expect the United States to resist the establishment of a strong world dictatorship, thus necessitating her destruction by the ten kings. The United States exercises some control over seven continents. Babylon is not described as a city on seven hills as some teach, rather she is described as a woman sitting on a beast with seven heads which represent seven mountains (17:9). Therefore this “sitting” probably represents controlling because a rider controls the animal he rides. The “mountains” could represent continents which are land masses which stick up higher than the surrounding ocean.

For Americans, perhaps the most difficult portion of the description to accept is the part where the harlot is described as being drunk with the blood of the saints (17:6). Part of the blood of the saints in this passage probably relates to Daniel’s 70th week and so is still future. However it is important to remember as well that the United States has looked the other way while thousands of Christians were killed in communist and Muslim countries. Also the United States played a major role in establishing the United Nations that is responsible for many atrocities around the world. It is interesting to note that the references to persecution (Rev. 17:6; 18:24 and 19:2) all relate to guilt but none clearly indicate direct persecution. In other words, she may not have killed the saints with her own hands. It may not refer to a state sponsored campaign to kill Christians, but only to doctrines that caused others to kill Christians. Although we cannot be dogmatic on this point, it appears that the Babylon of Revelation 17 is New York City and by extension the United States.

Now what about the re-description of Babylon in Revelation 18? Babylon is also destroyed during the 7th bowl judgment(16:19). The description in chapter 18 is of complete and total destruction (18:2, 21-23). It seems then that Revelation 18 is a description of the destruction mentioned as part of the 7th bowl judgment. The description of Babylon’s destruction in chapter 17 was very drastic but not total (17:16). It seems then that the United States will be put in her place so to speak at the mid point of Daniel’s 70th week, but will be totally destroyed and uninhabitable at the end of Daniel’s 70th week.
Implications
If New York City and the United States are Babylon, what does Rev. 18:4 mean for those who live in the United States? Remember that 18:4 is part of the discussion of Babylon’s second destruction. This destruction doesn’t occur until the end of Daniel’s 70th week. In verse 4, God’s people are told to leave Babylon before this time. If you look at the time line, the rapture occurs between the first and second destruction of Babylon. Rev. 18:4 seems to be a reference to the rapture, when God will send forth His angels to gather His people from the earth (Matt. 24:31). We do not need to flee from the U.S. if we are ready for Christ when He comes. We will be raptured out. However, if you are not ready now, chances are you will not be ready then either. At that time, there will be a high price to pay for following Christ. If you are not willing to pay the small price now, you will not be willing to pay the big price later!

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